Two different R gene loci co-evolved with Avr2 of Phytophthora infestans and confer distinct resistance specificities in potato.
Identifieur interne : 000624 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000623; suivant : 000625Two different R gene loci co-evolved with Avr2 of Phytophthora infestans and confer distinct resistance specificities in potato.
Auteurs : C. Aguilera-Galvez [Pays-Bas] ; N. Champouret [Pays-Bas] ; H. Rietman [Pays-Bas] ; X. Lin [Pays-Bas] ; D. Wouters [Pays-Bas] ; Z. Chu [Royaume-Uni] ; J D G. Jones [Royaume-Uni] ; J H Vossen [Pays-Bas] ; R G F. Visser [Pays-Bas] ; P J Wolters [Pays-Bas] ; V G A A. Vleeshouwers [Pays-Bas]Source :
- Studies in mycology [ 0166-0616 ] ; 2018.
Abstract
Late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating disease in potato. For sustainable management of this economically important disease, resistance breeding relies on the availability of resistance (R) genes. Such R genes against P. infestans have evolved in wild tuber-bearing Solanum species from North, Central and South America, upon co-evolution with cognate avirulence (Avr) genes. Here, we report how effectoromics screens with Avr2 of P. infestans revealed defense responses in diverse Solanum species that are native to Mexico and Peru. We found that the response to AVR2 in the Mexican Solanum species is mediated by R genes of the R2 family that resides on a major late blight locus on chromosome IV. In contrast, the response to AVR2 in Peruvian Solanum species is mediated by Rpi-mcq1, which resides on chromosome IX and does not belong to the R2 family. The data indicate that AVR2 recognition has evolved independently on two genetic loci in Mexican and Peruvian Solanum species, respectively. Detached leaf tests on potato cultivar 'Désirée' transformed with R genes from either the R2 or the Rpi-mcq1 locus revealed an overlapping, but distinct resistance profile to a panel of 18 diverse P. infestans isolates. The achieved insights in the molecular R - Avr gene interaction can lead to more educated exploitation of R genes and maximize the potential of generating more broad-spectrum, and potentially more durable control of the late blight disease in potato.
DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2018.01.002
PubMed: 29910517
PubMed Central: PMC6002340
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Two different <i>R</i> gene loci co-evolved with <i>Avr2</i> of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> and confer distinct resistance specificities in potato.</title><author><name sortKey="Aguilera Galvez, C" sort="Aguilera Galvez, C" uniqKey="Aguilera Galvez C" first="C" last="Aguilera-Galvez">C. Aguilera-Galvez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Champouret, N" sort="Champouret, N" uniqKey="Champouret N" first="N" last="Champouret">N. Champouret</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rietman, H" sort="Rietman, H" uniqKey="Rietman H" first="H" last="Rietman">H. Rietman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, X" sort="Lin, X" uniqKey="Lin X" first="X" last="Lin">X. Lin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wouters, D" sort="Wouters, D" uniqKey="Wouters D" first="D" last="Wouters">D. Wouters</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Z" sort="Chu, Z" uniqKey="Chu Z" first="Z" last="Chu">Z. Chu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NR4 7UH</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, J D G" sort="Jones, J D G" uniqKey="Jones J" first="J D G" last="Jones">J D G. Jones</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NR4 7UH</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vossen, J H" sort="Vossen, J H" uniqKey="Vossen J" first="J H" last="Vossen">J H Vossen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Visser, R G F" sort="Visser, R G F" uniqKey="Visser R" first="R G F" last="Visser">R G F. Visser</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolters, P J" sort="Wolters, P J" uniqKey="Wolters P" first="P J" last="Wolters">P J Wolters</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vleeshouwers, V G A A" sort="Vleeshouwers, V G A A" uniqKey="Vleeshouwers V" first="V G A A" last="Vleeshouwers">V G A A. Vleeshouwers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2018">2018</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:29910517</idno><idno type="pmid">29910517</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.simyco.2018.01.002</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC6002340</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000739</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000739</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000739</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000739</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000739</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Two different <i>R</i> gene loci co-evolved with <i>Avr2</i> of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> and confer distinct resistance specificities in potato.</title><author><name sortKey="Aguilera Galvez, C" sort="Aguilera Galvez, C" uniqKey="Aguilera Galvez C" first="C" last="Aguilera-Galvez">C. Aguilera-Galvez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Champouret, N" sort="Champouret, N" uniqKey="Champouret N" first="N" last="Champouret">N. Champouret</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rietman, H" sort="Rietman, H" uniqKey="Rietman H" first="H" last="Rietman">H. Rietman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, X" sort="Lin, X" uniqKey="Lin X" first="X" last="Lin">X. Lin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wouters, D" sort="Wouters, D" uniqKey="Wouters D" first="D" last="Wouters">D. Wouters</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Z" sort="Chu, Z" uniqKey="Chu Z" first="Z" last="Chu">Z. Chu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NR4 7UH</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, J D G" sort="Jones, J D G" uniqKey="Jones J" first="J D G" last="Jones">J D G. Jones</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NR4 7UH</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vossen, J H" sort="Vossen, J H" uniqKey="Vossen J" first="J H" last="Vossen">J H Vossen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Visser, R G F" sort="Visser, R G F" uniqKey="Visser R" first="R G F" last="Visser">R G F. Visser</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolters, P J" sort="Wolters, P J" uniqKey="Wolters P" first="P J" last="Wolters">P J Wolters</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vleeshouwers, V G A A" sort="Vleeshouwers, V G A A" uniqKey="Vleeshouwers V" first="V G A A" last="Vleeshouwers">V G A A. Vleeshouwers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6708 PB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Studies in mycology</title><idno type="ISSN">0166-0616</idno><imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen <i>Phytophthora infestans,</i> is the most devastating disease in potato. For sustainable management of this economically important disease, resistance breeding relies on the availability of resistance (<i>R</i>) genes. Such <i>R</i> genes against <i>P. infestans</i> have evolved in wild tuber-bearing <i>Solanum</i> species from North, Central and South America, upon co-evolution with cognate avirulence (<i>Avr</i>) genes. Here, we report how effectoromics screens with <i>Avr2</i> of <i>P. infestans</i> revealed defense responses in diverse <i>Solanum</i> species that are native to Mexico and Peru. We found that the response to AVR2 in the Mexican <i>Solanum</i> species is mediated by <i>R</i> genes of the <i>R2</i> family that resides on a major late blight locus on chromosome IV. In contrast, the response to AVR2 in Peruvian <i>Solanum</i> species is mediated by <i>Rpi-mcq1,</i> which resides on chromosome IX and does not belong to the <i>R2</i> family. The data indicate that AVR2 recognition has evolved independently on two genetic loci in Mexican and Peruvian <i>Solanum</i> species, respectively. Detached leaf tests on potato cultivar 'Désirée' transformed with <i>R</i> genes from either the <i>R2</i> or the <i>Rpi-mcq1</i> locus revealed an overlapping, but distinct resistance profile to a panel of 18 diverse <i>P. infestans</i> isolates. The achieved insights in the molecular <i>R - Avr</i> gene interaction can lead to more educated exploitation of <i>R</i> genes and maximize the potential of generating more broad-spectrum, and potentially more durable control of the late blight disease in potato.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">29910517</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>30</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0166-0616</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>89</Volume><PubDate><Year>2018</Year><Month>Mar</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Studies in mycology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Stud Mycol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Two different <i>R</i> gene loci co-evolved with <i>Avr2</i> of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> and confer distinct resistance specificities in potato.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>105-115</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.simyco.2018.01.002</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen <i>Phytophthora infestans,</i> is the most devastating disease in potato. For sustainable management of this economically important disease, resistance breeding relies on the availability of resistance (<i>R</i>) genes. Such <i>R</i> genes against <i>P. infestans</i> have evolved in wild tuber-bearing <i>Solanum</i> species from North, Central and South America, upon co-evolution with cognate avirulence (<i>Avr</i>) genes. Here, we report how effectoromics screens with <i>Avr2</i> of <i>P. infestans</i> revealed defense responses in diverse <i>Solanum</i> species that are native to Mexico and Peru. We found that the response to AVR2 in the Mexican <i>Solanum</i> species is mediated by <i>R</i> genes of the <i>R2</i> family that resides on a major late blight locus on chromosome IV. In contrast, the response to AVR2 in Peruvian <i>Solanum</i> species is mediated by <i>Rpi-mcq1,</i> which resides on chromosome IX and does not belong to the <i>R2</i> family. The data indicate that AVR2 recognition has evolved independently on two genetic loci in Mexican and Peruvian <i>Solanum</i> species, respectively. Detached leaf tests on potato cultivar 'Désirée' transformed with <i>R</i> genes from either the <i>R2</i> or the <i>Rpi-mcq1</i> locus revealed an overlapping, but distinct resistance profile to a panel of 18 diverse <i>P. infestans</i> isolates. The achieved insights in the molecular <i>R - Avr</i> gene interaction can lead to more educated exploitation of <i>R</i> genes and maximize the potential of generating more broad-spectrum, and potentially more durable control of the late blight disease in potato.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aguilera-Galvez</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Champouret</LastName><ForeName>N</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rietman</LastName><ForeName>H</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lin</LastName><ForeName>X</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wouters</LastName><ForeName>D</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chu</LastName><ForeName>Z</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jones</LastName><ForeName>J D G</ForeName><Initials>JDG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vossen</LastName><ForeName>J H</ForeName><Initials>JH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Visser</LastName><ForeName>R G F</ForeName><Initials>RGF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wolters</LastName><ForeName>P J</ForeName><Initials>PJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vleeshouwers</LastName><ForeName>V G A A</ForeName><Initials>VGAA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>BB/C007522/1</GrantID><Agency>Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2018</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>07</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Stud 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